Bacterial diseases caused by Vibrio spp. have caused severe harm to seafood safety and result in huge economic losses. Meanwhile, during recent decades, multidrug-resistant bacteria due to the abuse of antibiotics has led to an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Phage therapy, with the benefits of high specificity, rapid efficacy, and environmental friendliness, has been considered as a viable solution. Here, a novel virulent bacteriophage, designated vB_VpaS_R23R (R23R), has been isolated from seafood samples obtained at the Xiamen seafood market, targeting Vibrio parahaemolyticus. We detected its morphology, host range, lytic characteristics, and conducted a genomic analysis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that R23R is a long-tailed phage with an icosahedral head and a long, non-contractile tail. One-step growth curve analysis indicated that R23R has a latent period of approximately 25 minutes and a burst size of over 200. Genomic analysis revealed that R23R is a double-stranded DNA virus with a genome size of 81,075 base pairs (bp). Its tolerance to adverse conditions and high productivity suggest that R23R could be an approximate choice for phage therapy against Vibrio infections. Furthermore, its isolation contributes to a deeper understanding of phage evolution and phage-host interactions.