Estimating air-sea fluxes under high wind speeds is a significant challenge and a major source of error in current weather and climate models. This study utilizes the computational fluid dynamics model OpenFOAM to conduct multiple experiments on wind-wave coupling processes under various wind speeds. Based on the results of numerical simulations, the wind-wave coupling under different wind conditions is investigated, and the potential factors influencing air-sea fluxes are discussed.

First, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is applied to the three-dimensional wind velocity field to perform a triple decomposition, allowing us to analyze the characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer wind profiles, coherent wave structures, and disturbances caused by wave and turbulence interactions under different wave conditions. Second, using the triple decomposition results of the three-dimensional wind field under varying wind speeds, we compute the vertical distributions of total stress, wave-induced stress, and turbulent stress under different wave conditions, thereby exploring the vertical distribution of stresses within the atmospheric boundary layer. The vorticity characteristics of the wind field are also calculated, and the influence of waves on the stresses is analyzed in conjunction with wave age and phase information.

Finally, the air-sea fluxes under the same wind speed conditions, calculated using COARE 3.6, will be compared with the results of this study. This comparison will help to enhance our understanding of the possible effects of waves on air-sea fluxes and their influence on boundary layer structure. The findings of this study will contribute to improving the parameterization of air-sea fluxes in weather and climate models.